Detail Abstract

Waste to Energy in Municipal Solid Waste Management Vientiane, Laos

Abstract

The population of Laos is growing and as the population increases will the waste we generate. Above all else, we need to continue to reduce, reuse and recycle, but we also need to consider how we approach the extraction of valuable resources from waste that would otherwise end up in landfill or reducing it by using concept “waste to energy”. Therefore, the current of waste generation in Vientiane is 600tones/day of waste, and 300-350 tones/day of them is collected and carried into the dumping site. and Recycle and dumping by people is 250-300 tones, data in 2014-2015. Based on Current Solid waste management situation the people still burn the waste in their own lands, so CO₂ increases every day. Because there is one municipal solid waste type-classification for each province, so it is insufficient to use waste correcting service in each area, and it is not sanitation landfill.</br> In other way, the waste is generating in everyday, because of the development is much focusing on Economical field, thus it effects to insufficient budget, technical knowledge and human resources, thus the number of wastes is increasing. So, based on the Solid Waste Management (SWM) in Lao PDR, there is a lack of law enforcement in national-level legislation, regulation and policy related to solid waste management in Lao PDR. Moreover, there is no sanitary landfill sites in three municipalities and districts, such as Vientiane Capital, with Low of policy and legislation for the waste classification from households and toxic waste management.</br> In order to minimize or reduce the amount of solid waste in Lao PDR, “waste to energy”. The technology of waste to Energy include the incineration, anaerobic digestion, and pyrolysis/gasification. And Based on the strategy of ministry of Energy and Mine, to promote renewable energy to be one part of electricity source. The solid waste management problem in Laos is solved by using suitable and economical technology, allowing to minimize the problem. Thus, the solution on the solid waste management problem, we can have reduced open burning, and that can help reduce air pollution and carbon emissions by conducing the policy draft for science, technology and innovation for solid waste management which include the mechanisms of solid waste management policy and technology development in Lao PDR.</br> According to A Guide for Decision Makers in Developing and Emerging Countries of GIZ, it has mentioned the reliable technologies for waste reducing (see Figure), there are incineration, co-processing, anaerobic digestion (AD), landfill gas (LFG) and pyrolysis/gasification (further also called alternative technologies). These five technologies have different functions and applications in the municipal waste management system. The technologies demand is based upon the perceived need for advice on these technologies, and it is depended on the suitable waste types and a summary of related operational, environmental, legal and financial matters. And the technology should fit with the best ecological, legal and financial implications.</br> Thus, the solution on the solid waste management problem, we can have reduced open burning, and that can help reduce air pollution and carbon emissions by conducing the policy draft for science, technology and innovation for solid waste management which include the mechanisms of solid waste management policy and technology development in Lao PDR.